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La falta de información sobre el uso de la tecnología en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de diferentes perfiles puede dificultar que docentes y alumnos se estén beneficiando del apoyo tecnológico más eficaz y ajustado a sus necesidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia de los recursos tecnológicos en la mejora de la comprensión emocional de estudiantes con TEA con perfiles de alto y bajo funcionamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas indexadas en algunas de las bases de datos de mayor relevancia siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA. En total se analizaron 38 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de diseñar sistemas versátiles que puedan personalizarse y adaptarse en tiempo real y en contextos naturales con un enfoque claramente inclusivo. Pero también sugieren que la tecnología puede no ser una herramienta de intervención complementaria adecuada para todos los niños con TEA. Lo que subraya la necesidad de ensayos adicionales bien controlados sobre las características que permitan identificar qué estudiantes podrían o no beneficiarse de diferentes modalidades de tecnología. (AU)
The lack of information on the use of technology in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different profiles can make it difficult for teachers and students to benefit from the most effective technology support tailored to their needs. The aim of this review was to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of technological resources in improving the emotional understanding of students with high and low functioning ASD profiles. A systematic review of the scientific publications indexed in some of the most relevant databases was carried out following the criteria established in the PRISMA declaration. A total of 38 articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show the importance of designing versatile systems that can be customized and adapted in real time and in natural contexts with a clearly inclusive approach. But they also suggest that technology may not be an appropriate complementary intervention tool for all children with ASD. This underlines the need for additional well-controlled tests on the characteristics that would allow identifying which students might or might not benefit from different technology modalities. (AU)
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Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Tecnología Educacional , Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno AutísticoRESUMEN
La falta de información sobre el uso de la tecnología en niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de diferentes perfiles puede dificultar que docentes y alumnos se estén beneficiando del apoyo tecnológico más eficaz y ajustado a sus necesidades. El objetivo de esta revisión fue analizar y sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la eficacia de los recursos tecnológicos en la mejora de la comprensión emocional de estudiantes con TEA con perfiles de alto y bajo funcionamiento. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática de las publicaciones científicas indexadas en algunas de las bases de datos de mayor relevancia siguiendo los criterios establecidos en la declaración PRISMA. En total se analizaron 38 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión preestablecidos. Los resultados muestran la importancia de diseñar sistemas versátiles que puedan personalizarse y adaptarse en tiempo real y en contextos naturales con un enfoque claramente inclusivo. Pero también sugieren que la tecnología puede no ser una herramienta de intervención complementaria adecuada para todos los niños con TEA. Lo que subraya la necesidad de ensayos adicionales bien controlados sobre las características que permitan identificar qué estudiantes podrían o no beneficiarse de diferentes modalidades de tecnología. (AU)
The lack of information on the use of technology in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) of different profiles can make it difficult for teachers and students to benefit from the most effective technology support tailored to their needs. The aim of this review was to analyze and synthesize scientific evidence on the effectiveness of technological resources in improving the emotional understanding of students with high and low functioning ASD profiles. A systematic review of the scientific publications indexed in some of the most relevant databases was carried out following the criteria established in the PRISMA declaration. A total of 38 articles that met the pre-established inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show the importance of designing versatile systems that can be customized and adapted in real time and in natural contexts with a clearly inclusive approach. But they also suggest that technology may not be an appropriate complementary intervention tool for all children with ASD. This underlines the need for additional well-controlled tests on the characteristics that would allow identifying which students might or might not benefit from different technology modalities. (AU)
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Humanos , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Tecnología Educacional , Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno AutísticoRESUMEN
This case report presents the clinical and radiological findings of a seven-year-old female with type 2 diastematomyelia and spina bifida, emphasizing the complexity of congenital spinal anomalies in pediatric patients. The patient presented with a two-month history of lower back pain, prompting diagnostic investigations. Radiographic examination revealed spina bifida at the L3-L5 levels, subsequently confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which disclosed bifid spinous processes, an absent posterior arch, and a split spinal cord terminating at the L3-L4 disc levels. The Vancouver classification system facilitated a standardized characterization of congenital spinal anomalies. The multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedic and neurosurgical specialists led to a conclusive diagnosis of type 2 diastematomyelia with simple spinal dysraphism. Surgical intervention, encompassing laminectomy and correction of the split spinal cord, was successfully performed, resulting in the stabilization of the patient. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis, advanced imaging modalities, and collaborative management in addressing rare congenital spinal anomalies. The discussion delves into the clinical implications, diagnostic challenges, and the pivotal role of surgical intervention. Insights from this case contribute to the existing literature, guiding healthcare professionals in understanding and managing similar cases with potential implications for future research and treatment strategies.
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This case report details the management of a 66-year-old male with hemophilia A (HA) who presented with recurrent hematuria, and was found to have renal artery aneurysms and was subsequently diagnosed with a renal arteriovenous (AV) shunt. While the primary focus centers on the successful endovascular coil embolization of renal artery aneurysms, the concomitant presence of the AV shunt accentuates the significance of this case. Imaging techniques were crucial in the discovery of renal aneurysms and the diagnosis of the AV shunt malformation of the renal artery. This included an ultrasound, CT-angiography and digital subtraction angiography. The treatment approach employed prioritized endovascular coil embolization for its efficacy and reduced morbidity. Following the initial successful embolization, the identification of the AV shunt during subsequent embolization led to its targeted treatment. The case was also complicated by acute prostatitis that was treated medically. The patient's HA required careful administration of coagulation factor replacement therapy to control bleeding throughout the process. This case highlights the importance of reporting on the management of rare and complex pathologies to better understand and guide future treatments, especially involving this rare combination of renal AV shunts and hemophilia A.
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Background The adoption of same-day discharge (SDD) in elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures offers potential benefits in terms of patient satisfaction and reduced healthcare costs. Despite these advantages, the safety and efficacy of SDD, especially among patients with diverse health profiles, are not fully understood. This study investigates the effects of patient-specific factors, including age, comorbidities, and discharge timing, on the clinical outcomes of elective PCI, focusing on the viability of SDD. Methods A prospective study was carried out at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, involving 220 patients undergoing elective PCI from January to June 2023. This research compared the clinical outcomes of patients discharged on the same day with those who had extended hospital stays, examining the impact of age, comorbidities, and PCI success. Main outcome measures included post-procedure complications and hospital readmissions within 30 days. Results The study enrolled participants with an average age of 62 years, the majority (88%, n=194/220) of whom had comorbidities. Interestingly, 16% (n=35/220) of the participants were discharged on the same day, while the rest stayed longer in the hospital. Notably, those in the SDD group experienced significantly more complications and readmissions, with 95.14% (n=33/36) compared to only 16.22% (n=30/184) in their counterparts. Factors such as age, comorbidities, success of PCI, timing of discharge, and patient satisfaction emerged as significant predictors of the observed outcomes. Conclusion This study highlights the essential role of personalized care in discharge planning following elective PCI, advocating for a cautious approach towards SDD, especially for older patients and those with multiple health issues.
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Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome. This case involves a multivessel SCAD requiring intervention. The patient is a 39-year-old woman suffering from a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction caused by SCAD. The first coronary angiography revealed changes suggestive of acute distal left anterior descending (LAD) spontaneous dissection with partial occlusion and changes suggestive of old distal left anterior circumflex artery and obtuse marginal spontaneous dissections. A repeated angiogram revealed total occlusion of the distal LAD. Balloon angioplasty was done to the distal LAD, achieving a good flow. This case highlights the importance of diagnosis and treatment of SCAD. This case enhances our knowledge of atypical SCAD presentation (multi-vessel and required intervention) and emphasizes the need for individualized management strategies for optimal outcomes in each case.
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This case report describes the remarkable recovery journey of a 42-year-old male who suffered from neurological symptoms over three months, including tingling in both lower extremities. It was determined that a spinal hemangioma, a normally non-cancerous medical ailment, was the cause of these symptoms, which were also accompanied by difficulty walking and problems with bowel and bladder incontinence. A laminectomy and spinal cord decompression surgery were the two most significant medical procedures the patient underwent as part of his treatment, followed by a carefully structured rehabilitation program, as part of a holistic approach. Astoundingly, the patient's physical condition showed considerable improvements in several areas just one week after surgery. The reduction of pain, increased range of motion (ROM), and increased muscular strength were the aspects where these changes were most noticeable. This quick recovery reflects the benefit of combining surgical and rehabilitation techniques in these patients. The patient was prescribed a home exercise program (HEP) at the time of his discharge from the hospital so that he could continue his recovery independently in the comfort of his own home. This HEP was created to ensure that the patient could keep up and continue to make progress. This case report sheds light on the benefits of adopting a comprehensive strategy while treating spinal hemangiomas. The combined efforts of the surgical and rehabilitation therapy teams greatly improved the patient's prognosis. This aspect of synergy helped develop a whole treatment strategy that included both surgical tumor removal and crucial postoperative rehab for optimum healing and function.
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Introduction: Participation in team sports requires collaboration among multiple individuals over an extended period. Success in the game relies on more than just individual excellence; it necessitates effective teamwork. Team-building interventions have been shown to enhance team functioning, particularly in fostering cohesion among sports teams. This study aims to identify crucial factors in team-building interventions that contribute to improved team cohesion in sports teams. Methods: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 15 articles was conducted to identify the crucial factors in team-building interventions that contribute to improved team cohesion in sports teams. The analysis focused on the age of participants, level of performance, and duration of interventions. Results: The results of the analysis revealed that the positive impact of team-building was found to be most pronounced when the participants were between 15 and 20 years old, performed at collegiate teams, and engaged in interventions lasting more than 2 weeks. Among the four types of cohesion in sports teams, individual attraction to the group task (ATG-T) emerged as the aspect most influenced by team-building interventions. Discussion: These findings provide valuable insights into the factors influencing the success of team-building interventions in enhancing team cohesion within sports teams.
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Objective: Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are often referred to Equine-Assisted Services (EAS) for therapy despite lack of validated protocols in the field. This paper reports the development and validation of ASTride (ADHD Skills Therapy): a protocol of Equine-Assisted Occupational Therapy (EAOT) intervention for children aged 6-12 with ADHD. The intervention addresses deficits in cognitive-emotional functions and participation. Method: Phase one of the intervention development includes theoretical framework and core content based on an in-depth review of existing literature. Subsequently, the intervention protocol was revised by a panel of experts. Phase two includes a pilot study, during which five children diagnosed with ADHD (mean age= 10.40 year, SD 2.966) participated in a 12-week EAOT intervention according to the suggested protocol, with pre- and post-assessments conducted. Results: Statistically significant improvements were found in executive functions, as reflected in the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) total score. Additionally, hope perception and everyday performance improved following the intervention. Conclusions: Results support the feasibility of ASTride intervention protocol for the improvement of cognitive and emotional functions as well as everyday performance.
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Health Coaching (HC) is an evidence-based, patient-centered approach to assisting individuals in achieving their health-related goals. Studies have generally shown positive effects of HC on weight loss in obese adults. However, limitations do exist, that if addressed would further clarify HC's viability as a clinical, obesity treatment approach. To examine the effects of HC on weight loss, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and psychosocial constructs in obese adults. A randomized control trial with 44 [Mean body mass index (BMI) 36.5] middle-aged, White adults. Participants were randomly assigned to HC (n = 22) or control (n = 22) groups. A certified health coach provided bi-weekly, in-person and telehealth HC for 12 weeks. Percent excess weight loss was 15.7% in HC vs. 2.5% in controls (p< .001). The change in MVPA was significantly greater in HC (+50.3 min/wk) vs controls (+7.1 min/wk). Psychosocial constructs also changed more favorably in HC than controls. Health coaching is an effective approach for weight loss in obese adults. The results of this study support the consideration of HC as a treatment option for obese adults looking to lose weight.
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This is a case of 83 years old male who had radial artery pseudoaneurysm after cardiac catheterization. The diagnosis was through Doppler ultrasound and the patient was treated with thrombin injection and reported good outcomes. The literature also included 41 cases of pseudoaneurysm after catheterization. The mean age of patients was 68.5 years with a male prevalence of 49%. Onset of pseudoaneurysm ranged from 0 days (directly after the catheterization) to 150 days with a median of 5 days. The treatment of patients was mainly surgical (19 cases) followed by compression (either manual or TR band) (12 cases), thrombin injection (four cases), compression then surgery (three cases), compression then thrombin injection (one case), percutaneous endovascular repair using a covered stent (one case) and not reported in one case. All cases recovered well.
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Background: New-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) is prognostic in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The timely identification of high-risk patients is essential for clinicians to improve patient prognosis. Methods: A total of 333 AMI patients were collected who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital between October 2019 and October 2020. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (Lasso) and multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to pick out independent risk factors. Secondly, the variables identified were utilized to establish a predicted model and then internally validated by 10-fold cross-validation. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the prediction model were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test decision curve analyses, and clinical impact curve. Result: Overall, 47 patients (14.1%) developed NOAF. Four variables, including left atrial dimension, body mass index (BMI), CHA2DS2-VASc score, and prognostic nutritional index, were selected to construct a nomogram. Its area under the curve is 0.829, and internal validation by 10-fold cross-folding indicated a mean area under the curve is 0.818. The model demonstrated good calibration according to the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = 0.199) and the calibration curve. It showed satisfactory clinical practicability in the decision curve analyses and clinical impact curve. Conclusion: This study established a simple and efficient nomogram prediction model to assess the risk of NOAF in patients with AMI who underwent PCI. This model could assist clinicians in promptly identifying high-risk patients and making better clinical decisions based on risk stratification.
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Background: One of the most important occupational complications that could occur in nurses is musculoskeletal disorders. In this study, we designed an educational intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model to investigate its effects on a group of nurses on preventive behaviors of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: A total of 120 nurses working in Izeh City, Iran, participated in this semi-experimental study. The sampling was performed through a convenient sampling method, and the participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (60 participants for each group). Both groups filled out a questionnaire based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model before and 2 months after the educational program as part of the data collection process. The data were examined using a paired t-test, an independent t-test, and a chi-square test after being entered into SPSS version 24. Results: According to the findings, prior to the intervention, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of their knowledge (p = 0.221), attitude (p = 0.136), enabling factors (p = 0.325), reinforcing factors (p = 0.548), self-efficacy (0.421), and behavior (0.257) levels. However, following the intervention, a substantial rise was witnessed in the experimental group in each of the mentioned variables (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In the current study, education based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model led to the improvement of knowledge, attitude, enabling and reinforcing factors, self-efficacy, and finally preventive behaviors with musculoskeletal disorders in the participants. Considering the importance of the role of health education in promoting behaviors related to musculoskeletal disorders in nurses and the importance of observing related behaviors in preventing long-term complications, the necessity of education in a wider dimension and with different tools is felt more and more in society. Therefore, longer interventions with this aim could be carried out on nurses and other healthcare personnel.
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Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas , Humanos , Educación en Salud/métodos , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Escolaridad , Enfermedades Musculoesqueléticas/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological condition that is marked by deficits in social interaction, difficulty expressing oneself, lack of enthusiasm, and stereotypical conduct. The TOMATIS training method is an effective music therapy for children with ASD for its individually developed programs to improve behavioral deficits. Methods: The research employed both longitudinal and crosssectional designs. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the experimental group showed significant improvement in symptoms after TOMATIS training compared to the control group of children with ASD. The results validated the effect of TOMATIS treatment for ASD-related deficits, including perceptual-motor, attentional, social, and emotional issues. Discussion: ASD's auditory hypersensitivity hampers social information processing, but TOMATIS enhances cochlear frequency selectivity, aiding in capturing relevant auditory stimuli. In addition, the longitudinal study confirmed these findings, which proved TOMATIS training effective in clinically treating ASD. This study focused on audiometric indicators and behavioural improvement, elucidating the mechanisms behind the training's success. Behavioral improvements might stem from TOMATIS' frequency selectivity, reshaping auditory organ-cortical feedback loops to filter interference and focus on valid information.
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Objective: To evaluate the BIZI program, a Spanish-language gatekeeper training program with a novel online self-learning format that is brief and open-access. It was developed as part of the suicide prevention strategy in Euskadi (Spain) to improve community-based suicide prevention. Methods: A group of experts from different fields created the program and tested its usability in a preliminary phase. A single-group design was used for the evaluation, with repeated measurements (before, immediately after, and after three months). Online questionnaires were used to evaluate the program's impact on core competencies for gatekeepers, as well as adherence to content and user satisfaction. Community agents (educators and social workers, among others) who responded to an invitation sent by regional public health coordinators were included in the study. Results: In total, 728 people accessed the training, and 86% completed it; 569 people completed the assessment (81.2% women, mean age 41.4 years). The core gatekeeper competencies of attitude, self-efficacy, and knowledge improved significantly, and improvement was sustained ≥3 months in a subsample (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The results are promising and suggest that BIZI is useful in improving the capacity and willingness of community agents to identify people at risk and refer them to specialized resources. Its novel format gives it important advantages over other more common gatekeeper training programs, facilitating its dissemination in low-resource environments. It is the first program of its kind whose effectiveness has been demonstrated and also the first available in Spanish.
Objetivo: Avaliar o Programa BIZI, um programa de capacitação de gatekeepers em espanhol com um formato inovador on-line autoinstrucional, breve e de livre acesso, desenvolvido como parte da estratégia de prevenção de suicídio em Euskadi (Espanha) para melhorar a prevenção de suicídio em ambientes comunitários. Métodos: O programa foi desenvolvido por um grupo multidisciplinar de especialistas, e sua usabilidade testada em uma fase preliminar. Para a avaliação, foi utilizado um delineamento de grupo único e medidas repetidas (antes, imediatamente após e aos três meses). Foram utilizados questionários on-line para avaliar o impacto sobre as competências básicas do gatekeeper, a adesão ao conteúdo e a satisfação. Fizeram parte do estudo os agentes comunitários (educadores e assistentes sociais, entre outros) que responderam a um convite enviado pelos coordenadores de saúde pública da comarca. Resultados: O programa de capacitação foi acessado por 728 pessoas e concluído por 86% delas. Um total de 569 pessoas concluiu a avaliação (81,2% do sexo feminino, idade média de 41,4 anos). As competências básicas do gatekeeper relativas a atitude, autoeficácia e conhecimento melhoraram significativamente, e essa melhoria se manteve em uma subamostra por um período de 3 meses ou mais (P = 0,0001). Conclusões: Os resultados são promissores e indicam a utilidade do BIZI para melhorar a capacidade e a disposição dos agentes comunitários para identificar pessoas em situação de risco e encaminhá-las para recursos especializados. Seu formato inovador confere vantagens importantes em relação a outros programas de gatekeeper mais comuns e facilita sua disseminação em ambientes com poucos recursos. Esse é o primeiro programa desse tipo com eficácia comprovada, além de ser o primeiro disponível em espanhol.
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Introduction: A subset of autistic children excel at word decoding but have difficulty with reading comprehension (i.e., the discrepant poor comprehender reading profile). Prior research suggests the Visualizing and Verbalizing (V/V) for language comprehension and thinking intervention helps improve reading comprehension in autistic children with this reading profile. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of vocabulary, memory, and social functioning in reading comprehension; however, predictors and moderators of reading comprehension within this specific profile of autistic readers have not been thoroughly explored. Methods: In this study, we examined the effectiveness of the V/V intervention by comparing reading comprehension scores between groups and across time. Participants included a sample of autistic children (AUT-EXP; n=22) and a waitlist control group of autistic children (AUT-WLC; n=17) with reading comprehension difficulties, as well as a sample of non-autistic children (Non-AUT; n=26) (all age 8-13 years). AUT-EXP and AUT-WLC groups completed a battery of cognitive assessments during pre and post tests. We also analyzed whether cognitive assessment scores predicted reading comprehension, and examined the moderating effects of group (AUT-EXP vs. AUT-WLC) on these relationships. Results: The AUT-EXP group significantly improved in their pre to post reading comprehension scores (t(21)=4.19, p<.001, d=.89), whereas the AUT-WLC group did not. Verbal memory significantly predicted reading comprehension, though group did not moderate relationships between cognitive test performance and reading comprehension. Discussion: Results suggest that the V/V intervention may help improve reading comprehension for autistic children with the discrepant poor comprehender reading profile. Additionally, strategies for improving verbal memory may indirectly enhance reading comprehension in autistic children with this reading profile.
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Background: The prevalence of sarcopenia is concerningly high in long-term care settings (LTCS); yet, no exercise programs specifically targeting older adults living in residential care are available. Objective: The goal of the present study was to co-design and validate a program named Reablement Strategies targeting Sarcopenia (ReStart-S) for older long-term care residents. Design: Cross-sectional study with an exploratory phase. Settings: LTCS in Udupi, Karnataka, India. Participants: Sarcopenic older adults diagnosed using Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Material and Methods: The program was designed using a four-step intervention mapping technique involving systematic progression after completing each step. The steps included 1) identifying the appropriate exercise-based intervention for sarcopenia, 2) determining objectives and expected outcomes, 3) seeking expert views through a Delphi consensus approach, and 4) assessing the feasibility of ReStart-S program among older adults living in LTCS. Results: A comprehensive literature review appraised existing exercise programs for managing sarcopenia. A workshop held with six older adults and one caretaker, decided on morning exercise sessions, recommended 2-7 days/week. The results of the review and workshop were compiled for the Delphi process that had seven experts from 5 countries, achieving a 71% response rate after four rounds. In the last step, a pilot study on eight LTCS residents, two males and six females with a mean age of 78.3 ± 8.3 years, was conducted and the program was found to be feasible. Conclusion: The ReStart-S program for managing sarcopenia among older adults residing in LTCS incorporates evidence from the literature and the engagement of older adults, caregivers, and experts, making it a contextually appropriate intervention. Our study also provides researchers and healthcare professionals insight into co-designing an intervention program for vulnerable older adults. Finally, the program evaluation indicates that a full-scale trial testing the efficacy of the ReStart-S program is feasible.
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This invited discussion paper highlights key updates in the MRC/NIHR's revised framework for the development and evaluation of complex nursing interventions and reflects on the implications for nursing research.
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AIM: Stigma is a major mental healthcare barrier. This study compares the efficacy of two types of brief video interventions, targeting public and self-stigma, in reducing public stigma towards people living with psychosis. We hypothesized both interventions would similarly reduce public stigma and outperform the control group. As a secondary analysis, we explored the effect of familiarity with a person living with serious mental illness (SMI). METHODS: Participants (N = 1215) aged 18-35 recruited through crowdsourcing were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at 30-day follow-up regarding five public stigma domains: social distance, stereotyping, separateness, social restriction and perceived recovery. Both videos present individual narratives using different approaches: the self-stigma video was created through focus groups, while the public stigma video portrays a single person's journey. RESULTS: A 3 × 3 analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant group-by-time interaction across all five stigma-related domains (p's < .001). Effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranged from 0.29 to 0.52 (baseline to post-intervention), and 0.18 to 0.45 (baseline to 30-day follow-up). The two video interventions did not significantly differ. Linear mixed modelling showed a significant difference between participants familiar and unfamiliar with people living with SMI for the public stigma video, with greater stigma reductions for unfamiliar participants. CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates previous findings on the positive influence of social contact-based interventions on youth mental health perceptions. Results provide insights into the relationship between public and self-stigma and the impact that familiarity with SMI may have on the efficacy of stigma reduction efforts further validation in diverse groups is needed.
